Original, primary research measuring whether independent businesses appear in ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini's local recommendation responses. Six empirical studies across three states and three industries, plus analytical work on the mechanisms behind AI citation — same methodology throughout.
Research authored by Kevin H Wilde · ORCID 0009-0002-3753-5482
Analysis of 515 Miami-Dade businesses across health, legal, and real estate — the only report in this series testing whether the institutional-dominance pattern holds outside healthcare.
Read the full report → Health sector298 Miami-Dade health practices — dentistry, medical spas, physical therapy, and more.
Read the full report → Legal sector120 Miami-Dade law firms — the most uniform outcome in this report series: 100% category-adjacent, zero genuine citations.
Read the full report → Real estate sector97 Miami-Dade real estate developers — Related Group alone was named in 97.9% of all responses in this sector.
Read the full report →163 Southeastern Pennsylvania health practices — Montgomery County corridor.
Read the full report → New Jersey216 New Jersey health practices — the first report in this series.
Read the full report →An analytical audit of directory presence across seven Miami-area AI-search providers. Distinguishes free auto-approve directories, vetted business directories, vertical-specific directories, and PR-sourcing tools often conflated as "citations." Presents a testable hypothesis about Google Knowledge Graph inheritance and AI citation, not an empirical claim.
Read the full report → Empirical studyA structured prompt study of 360 base LLM API responses across three models and five query types, with comparative consumer-product data from ChatGPT, Perplexity, Claude.ai, and Gemini. Documents how base LLM APIs and consumer AI search products respond differently to the same buyer queries — and why they should not be treated as interchangeable optimization targets.
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